Time and Motion Studies Explained

A time and motion study is a technique used to analyze the time it takes to perform specific tasks based on human motion. It is often used for repetitive tasks performed by an average worker who has been fully trained. The study involves breaking down tasks into measurable steps and assigning a proper time to each movement based on the joint being moved to complete the motion. Industrial Engineers use this analysis to distinguish between Value-Added and Non-Value-Added segments of work tasks. This understanding helps in creating efficient labor standards.

Work Measurement Explained

Several work measurement techniques can be used to measure work, including:

Predetermined Motion Time Standards (PMTS)
- MODAPTS
- MOST
- MTM-UAS
Production Time Study
Stopwatch Time Study
Work Sampling

PMTS Methodology Techniques

PMTS utilizes Work Measurement to analyze the elements and motion of a task, with each work element duration being recorded in a database. Industrial Engineers then compile these elements to determine the total task duration or work content.

PMTS Methods

MODAPTS® - Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards
MTM® UAS - Methods Time Measurement – Universal Analysis System
MOST® - Maynard Operation Sequence Technique

Preparing for a Time and Motion Study

Clearly define the purpose of the study to determine the desired outcomes

What is the aim of the study?
This is to help determine the success of the time study and ensure deliverables are met.

Determine the variables to be measured

Identify the key factors to be measured, relevant variables, and establish parameters for the study.
Make sure that all relevant tasks and work activities are included and accounted for.
The accuracy of the study increases with a higher number of recorded cycles.

Identify the optimal time to accurately capture data

At what times are the workers engaged in activity?
Can factors such as vacations or inoperable machines affect the average performance?

Adhere to established guidelines for collecting data samples

Ensure that the data samples collected are in accordance with the work instructions and free from any bias.
Ensure consistent collection of data based on previously established parameters, ideally using a templated format.

Conducting a Time and Motion Study

Get granular with your process

Having a thorough understanding of the process being studied is crucial. This process could be related to manufacturing, assembly line operations, or even services.
To facilitate the study, create a detailed process map that breaks down the specific task or tasks into smaller, more manageable components.
Specify the criteria for measurement, which may include the particular actions involved in completing the task, the equipment and tools utilized, and the specific time frames for each step.

Observe and measure pre-determined data

Document the time and process required to perform tasks, utilizing the predetermined criteria of measurement.
During the observation process, pay close attention to the workers' movements, tools and equipment used, and identify any potential hazards or inefficiencies in the process.
Record the process by measuring the time taken by the worker to complete the task and documenting the specific actions and time intervals.
To obtain a thorough understanding of the process and pinpoint areas that can be improved, it is crucial to pay attention to the sequence in which tasks are carried out and how they are interconnected
Gather data pertaining to the starting and finishing points to determine the time needed for task completion.

Analyze the data collected

Apply time study formulas to analyze the collected data, then compare and contrast the recorded information to identify any wasteful and non-value-added activities in the process.
Pinpoint the stages that are consuming excessive time or could be removed completely.
Examine the data for any recurring patterns or trends and utilize this insight to make informed decisions on enhancing the process.
The objective of the time and motion study is to gain insight into the process, detect any inefficient areas, and propose methods for optimizing the process and enhancing productivity while minimizing waste.

Time and Motion Studies Explained

Time and Motion Studies Explained